algal bloom treatment

A growing field of research is focused on methods and technologies to control or suppress blooms. A harmful algal bloom (HAB) contains organisms (usually algae, hence the name) that can severely lower oxygen levels in natural waters, killing marine life.Some HABs are associated with algae-produced toxins. Current algal bloom treatment methods all have significant pros and cons. In South Korea a clay called “yellow loess” has been used since 1996 to control blooms of a HAB species called Margalefidinium polykrikoides that have caused millions of dollars of damage to fish farms. Cyanobacteria and Harmful Algal Blooms. “Utah Lake is open. Municipal water treatment plants often use chemicals to treat algal blooms, such as copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate, or alum. The nutrients include naturally occurring nitrates and phosphates, or those introduced by fertilizer runoff or sewage discharge. This approach involves the release of chemicals that inhibit or are lethal to HAB organisms, including the potential development of species-specific control agents. The color depends on the type of algal species in bloom. Bloom control or suppression activities can be controversial, however, due to concerns regarding unintended ecosystem impacts of these controls. Since 'algae' is a broad term including organisms of widely varying sizes, growth rates, and nutrient requirements, there is no officially recognized threshold level as to what is defined as a bloom. After the bloom dies, the microbes which decompose the dead algae use up even more of the oxygen, which can create fish die-offs. If you are one of these facilities doing your part in the fight against algae, then you know how difficult it can be to meet these low phosphorus levels. When fresh water is too rich with nutrients — called eutrophication — it becomes a breeding ground for algae. Keep reading for more information on preventing harmful algal bloom illnesses. These treatment facilities face a difficult task of not only removing the toxins, but doing so in a safe and cost-effective way. They degrade drinking water supplies, spewing taste and odor compounds into water sources that make the water unpalatable. The oldest and most widely used approach to controlling HABs involves the application of a certain types of clay during blooms. Gustafsson, S., Hultberg, M., Figueroa, R.I. and Rengefors, K., 2009. Algal blooms usually occur in the summer and early fall. As a result, beneficial uses of water resources may be limited or completely restricted. These approaches include strategies that kill HAB organisms or limit growth, and/or physically remove cells and toxins from the water column. Many environmental studies conducted in South Korea have produced no significant negative impacts, leading to the adoption of clay dispersal as a routine element of HAB management in South Korea.This technology is not used in the U.S., but a new project supported by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission is exploring whether clay mitigation might help to control the catastrophic red tides experienced by the West Coast of Florida. In some cases, as with the fragile cells of the Florida red tide organism Karenia brevis, the flocculation and sinking process can rupture cell membranes, killing the cell. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) began research on the Harmful Algal Bloom Interception, Treatment, and Transformation System project to develop scalable solutions for managing large Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), with the objective to develop a rapidly deployable system for mitigating large HABs at various design scales. The Harmful Algae Site is supported by a grant from NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) to the National Office for Harmful Algal Blooms at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Dr. Don Anderson, Director. Biological controls of HABs therefore remain largely conceptual due to the lack of scientific research on their efficacy and concerns associated with unintended environmental impacts. Ready to take your fight for your community’s water resources to the next level? Despite the dramatic reduction in of the size of the bloom, the broad lethality of copper resulted in considerable collateral mortality of other marine organisms, and this control strategy was not repeated. Some control methods are not environmentally safe, for example, Algaecides. 4 Harmful Algal Bloom Research Initiative Year 3 Project Update We’re All Over the Map Science teams are made up of faculty and students from ten Ohio universities, spanning the state with water monitoring networks, shared sample analysis and collaborative testing of drinking water treatment … The Harmful Algal Bloom Interception, Treatment, and Transformation System (HABITATS) demonstrates a scalable capability to remove algae and nutrients from large bodies of water, and develop a resource recovery method that enables efficient management of the resulting biomass. Like a weather forecast, a HAB forecast provides local and state officials with advance warning that allows them to test potentially affected shellfish beds more precisely and for shorter periods of time and, if necessary, post advisories in coastal areas where there is a direct health risk. 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