optimization in scala

Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. In our case, we are going to use Optimus. This talk, for the Northeast Scala Symposium, provides tips to avoid "premature optimization." Updated to Scala 2.11, with in-depth coverage of new features such as Akka actors, parallel collections, and tail call optimization, this … Only a small portion of existing works (e.g. The problem is optimal order fulfillment, which is described here: Optimal Order Fulfillment. But clearly this depends on the problem at hand. Again, I think that it is hard to give a general advise which of these data types to choose, since this only tells us the performance in this special intersection problem (but I did chose Java's HashSet in a few over cases over the alternatives). "Micro-optimization" is normally used to describe low-level optimizations that do not change the overall structure of the program; this is as opposed to "high level" optimizations (e.g. Does cyberpunk exclude interstellar space travel? So the value of X and Y for which this equation would be maximum will be x=100 and y=170 (Check out your mathematical skills!). No matter how many times you print it, you’ll always see that same result; that’s the linear world you’re used to. The only caveat is that the methods take Scala RDD objects, while the Spark Java API uses a separate JavaRDD class. My question is therefore where to look first when trying to optimize Scala code ? Furthermore, catalyst optimizer in Spark offers both rule-based and cost-based optimization as well. Micro-optimizing your Scala code. It is available on GitHub. I wish I could upvote your question 10 times. What is gravity's relationship with atmospheric pressure. Advanced programming language feature is one of the advantages of catalyst optimizer. Get notebook. Scala (/ ˈ s k ɑː l ɑː / SKAH-lah) is a general-purpose programming language providing support for both object-oriented programming and functional programming.The language has a strong static type system.Designed to be concise, many of Scala's design decisions are aimed to address criticisms of Java. Does your code instantiate a large number of objects when run? Optimization on String methods. Spark Optimization with Scala Go fast or go home. your coworkers to find and share information. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Cookie Policy, Privacy Policy, and our Terms of Service. In many cases the latter was significantly faster. There are other functions like minimize(), subjectTo(), etc. How many electric vehicles can our current supply of lithium power? Framing the problem site design / logo © 2020 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. If someone has any suggestions for solving this problem, feel free to ping me! The coupon code you entered is expired or invalid, but the course is still available! After this talk, you will understand the two most basic methods Spark employs for joining dataframes – to the level of detail of how Spark distributes the data within the cluster. This is where mathematical optimization libraries come in. Learn the ins and outs of Spark and get the best out your code. Strategic Scala Style: Practical Type Safety Strategic Scala Style: Designing Datatypes. In rule-based optimization the rule based optimizer use set of rule to determine how to execute the query. I am at the point where I already memoized important functions (so there are a few mutable maps in my code), which made my code twice as fast and I wonder what to do next. Given that definition of pure functions, as you might imagine, methods like these in the scala.math._package are pure functions: 1. abs 2. ceil 3. max 4. min These Scala Stringmethods are also pure functions: 1. isEmpty 2. length 3. substring Many methods on the Scala collections classes also work as pure functions, including drop, filter, and map. We dive deep into Spark and understand how it works under the hood. Oct 12, 2015. While the cost based optimization finds the most suitable way to carry out SQL statement. @Xion345 You can start a bounty in a day or so and give it to bluenote. For instance, if your algorithm makes heavy use of Range.sum, you will observe big differences (because this is now O(1) in 2.10). Disable DEBUG & INFO Logging. But, In rule-based optimization, there are set of rule to … Open Copy link Member SethTisue commented Oct 13, 2020. It is based on functional programming construct in Scala. So it looks better to write `str.size` than `str.length` or `str(3)` than `str.charAt(3)`. I don't have chains of maps and I don't use case however. Also, offers to build an extensible query optimizer. Spark Optimization 2 with Scala MP4 | Video: h264, 1280x800 | Audio: AAC, 44. L-BFGS is an optimization algorithm in the family of quasi-Newton methods to solve the optimization problems of the form $\min_{\wv \in\R^d} \; f(\wv)$. I am not saying this is the main source for slow performance, of course – just something I have run into once or twice. The following is not meant to be a complete list, just a few practical observations that might help you: Yes, replacing a for loop by a while is faster, even with Scala 2.10. I currently need to optimize a Scala implementation of an algorithm which is too slow. A minor point that comes to my mind: I observed differences in constructing collections either by origCollection.toSomeCollectionName over manual construction and construction using the companion object (i.e., SomeCollectionName(origCollection :_*)). I posted it here because I am looking for. If you've never done Scala or Spark, this course is not for you. I can also use some help. For example: There are two equations: one equation that you need to maximize and another equation that acts as a constraint: Equation to be maximized : -2 * x + 5 * y. It's listed here under 2. In Scala the preferred way is to call the methods of the Scala collections. choosing efficient algorithms, caching things, or parallelizing things) that often … Amidst the shift in recent years by processor manufacturers from single tomulti-core architectures, academia and industry alike have conceded thatPopular Parallel Programmingremains a formidable challenge. In this course, we cut the weeds at the root. Published at DZone with permission of Shivansh Srivastava, DZone MVB. I made mistakes during a project, which has resulted in the client denying payment to my company. In this article, you will learn What is Spark cache() and persist(), how to use it in DataFrame, understanding the difference between Caching and Persistance and how to use these two with DataFrame, and Dataset using Scala examples. Now we need to solve such equations programmatically. In cost-based optimization, multiple plans are generated using rules … Done that in the past for excellent answers. "Java Performance Tuning") is likely to be relevant. Some of these topics include: Are more than doubly diminished/augmented intervals possibly ever used? Thank you very much, this is exactly the kind of advice I was looking for. See the linked talk in the comments for details on that. I will look into my heap usage. In Brexit, what does "not compromise sovereignty" mean? Anyway, the question is too broad for a good answer to exist in this format, and thus isn't really appropriate for SO. Also, be aware that using "for filtering" (a condition following the collection you are iterating) will lead to box/unboxing of your condition, which can have a big impact on performance (see this post for details). Nevertheless, there can be performance differences even in the immutable functionality (and whereas regarding Set it was the mutable collection which was significantly faster, it is the immutable one for BitSet). In particular, I am seeking advice on the following points : I also had to optimize a lot of Scala code in the past. Good remark, pushing on the GC often cause problems with the JVM. What piece is this and what is it's purpose? Join operations in Apache Spark is often a biggest source of performance problems and even full-blown exceptions in Spark. I also had to optimize a lot of Scala code in the past. Although I try to avoid generalizations, I could live with the following: Try to use native Arrays. So, I am not looking for generic advice on software optimization (e.g. There can be other problems like a quadratic equation problem or a mixed integer problem. Parallel collections were included in the Scala standard library in an effortto facilitate parallel programming by sparing users from low-levelparallelization details, meanwhile providing them with a familiar and simplehigh-level abstraction. In this section, we will discuss how we can further optimize our Spark applications by applying … - Selection from Scala and Spark for Big Data Analytics [Book] Scala combines the power of OO and functional programming, and Pragmatic Scala shows you how to work effectively with both. Optimization techniques There are several aspects of tuning Spark applications toward better optimization techniques. As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. Do I need my own attorney during mortgage refinancing? We can only say yes if the recursion actually does not increase the call stack in memory and instead re-uses it. ListMap and ListSet iterator optimization scala/bug#11752. Have you ever been in a condition where you have inequalities and you have to find out the maximum or minimum values of the variables for a particular equation? optimize your algortihm first, use a profiler, do benchmarks...) but rather for Scala-specific or JVM-specific optimization advice. The question immutable vs. mutable is simply answered by the number of updates you have to perform and it is difficult (for me) to give a general answer here. Developer Hence for the values of X and Y, this equation is maximum. See the linked talk in the comments for details on that. When a method returns a value which can even be null then Option is utilized i.e, the method defined returns an instance of an Option, in place of returning a single object or a null. It enables a generic, powerful yet still efficient approach to machine learning. Now we have to make a bounded variable to define this expression: The whole code looks something like this like this: LQProblem: defines a linear equation problem. Iulian Dragos is working on the Scala compiler since 2004, being responsible of the JVM backend and compiler optimizations. Spark Cache and Persist are optimization techniques in DataFrame / Dataset for iterative and interactive Spark applications to improve the performance of Jobs. rev 2020.12.8.38145. The Option in Scala is referred to a carrier of single or no element for a stated type. Data Serialization in Spark. Posted 2016-05-30. I noticed that using the corresponding Java collection instead of the Scala version can also lead to significant speed-ups (as ballpark-figure I would say in the order of 5-10%). Optimization examples. Join the DZone community and get the full member experience. See the original article here. Why does Scala's toSeq convert an immutable Set to a mutable ArrayBuffer? Preindustrial airships with minimalist magic, How much share should I get in our property, Employee barely working due to Mental Health issues. What and where should I study for competitive programming? The hope was, and still is, that implicit parallelismbehind a col… When we can say 0 and 1 in digital electronic? Adams-Bashforth method implementation code review. 8 replies Wed, 2011-07-27, 00:03 Antoras . All the code in this post is available on GitHub. This optimizer is based on functional programming construct in Scala. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. What keeps the cookie in my coffee from moving when I rotate the cup? This may slow down the code and impose more work on the garbage collector. For an example of the benefits of optimization, see the following notebooks: Delta Lake on Databricks optimizations Python notebook. The following is not meant to be a complete list, just a few practical observations that might help you: Yes, replacing a for loop by a while is faster, even with Scala 2.10. Get notebook. Why does arXiv have a multi-day lag between submission and publication? Let's see how to calculate minimum or maximum values of equations in Scala with some help from the Optimus library. An Option [T] can be … In Scala, how do immutable and mutable sets and maps compare with regard to garbage collection? What I want to demonstrate: choosing the right/wrong collection can have a significant impact! It includes Scala’s pattern matching and quasi quotes. scala> val v = Vector.range(0, 10) v: scala.collection.immutable.Vector[Int] = Vector(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) Next, print the sequence, and you’ll see that it prints as usual: scala> v.foreach(print) 0123456789. Delta Lake on Databricks optimizations Scala notebook. The L-BFGS method approximates the objective function locally as a quadratic without evaluating the second partial derivatives of the objective function to construct the Hessian matrix. For instance, I had the following results (displayed are runtimes) in a microbenchmark for a very specific problem (note: don't generalize from that; run your own). Get it now for $83 × off original price! The only problem is that the methods of Scala … First, you need to add the Optimus dependency in your build.sbt, so your buid.sbt should look like this. Scala: Mathematical Optimization Time for a math lesson! If you did have long chains, you could use collection views. You will learn 20+ techniques and optimization strategies. In many of my benchmarks I just ended up using Arrays, which makes sense considering their implementation in the JVM. Best practice: “If not immutable create copy”-pattern, Scala efficiently convert Seq[A] to frequency map Map[A, Int]. It is implemented in a functional way, uses only values (val) and immutable data structures. This is one of the simple ways to improve the performance of Spark … There are also many optimizations that can help you overcome these challenges, such as caching, and allowing for data skew. This course is for Scala and Spark programmers who need to improve the run time and memory footprint of their jobs. What would be the most efficient and cost effective way to stop a star's nuclear fusion ('kill it')? [closed], Podcast 293: Connecting apps, data, and the cloud with Apollo GraphQL CEO…. What are the common language constructs or patterns that usually cause slowdowns ? What happens if you Shapechange whilst swallowed? @DenisTulskiy look at assembly, I heard it rocks too ;-). Alas, this question would require a book to answer, and no such book exists. How can I show that a character does something without thinking? Scala case classes, for example, or chains of map/flatMap's may result in huge numbers of "unnecessary" objects being created. @texasbruce Normally for a performance PR like this we assume that existing test coverage is probably sufficient (unless someone happens to know that it isn't). Under the hood, linear methods use convex optimization methods to optimize the objective functions. So far, I did not observe significant performance differences between 2.8, 2.9 and 2.10. Marketing Blog. add(): takes a constraint expression that needs to be kept in consideration for maximizing that expression. Today we are going to talk about the problem of solving the mathematical optimization. Common challenges you might face include: memory constraints due to improperly sized executors, long-running operations, and tasks that result in cartesian operations. Currently, I am working on a use case in which I am looking forward to using MIP to solve the problem. Optimization. Ant colony optimization in Scala. For an example of the benefits of optimization, see the following notebooks: Delta Lake on Databricks optimizations Python notebook Open notebook in new tab Copy link for import I hope you enjoyed this and found it interesting! When dealing with generic types, defining @specialized version for specific types should result in a speed-up. Can light reach far away galaxies in an expanding universe? Where to look first when optimizing Scala code? Over a million developers have joined DZone. Also, note that this intersection problem does not require a mutable data type. Hey all, I posted something similar in another thread, but thought it should get a threadof its own. Breeze is the core set of libraries for ScalaNLP, including linear algebra, numerical computing and optimization. maximize(): takes the expression that needs to be maximized. Now let’s get started with the programming. 03/04/2020; 2 minutes to read; m; M; In this article. Scala Option [ T ] is a container for zero or one element of a given type. It is the process of converting the in-memory object to another format … In this post, we’ll walk through a novel method of solving a famous mathematical problem from computer science, and in the process, I’ll describe how it can be implemented effectively in Scala. Thus, depending on the situation you might want to chose a mutable collection over an immutable for maximum performance (use with care!). We'll see that we have incredible leverage, IF we write intelligent code, and you will do exactly that. If you have any questions, let me know! How can I upsample 22 kHz speech audio recording to 44 kHz, maybe using AI? If you feel that this question can be improved and possibly reopened, Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Programming & related technical career opportunities, Recruit tech talent & build your employer brand, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, While this is an interesting question that sould call for interesting answers, I don't think this is a good fit for stackoverflow as it is too much open-ended (see, @RégisJean-Gilles : Honestly, I wondered if this question was well suited for stackoverlow before posting it (I see it as a "borderline" question). John address, and creates solutions for, many issues that can arise. Erik Osheim, Senior R&D Engineer at Precog, delivers a talk focusing on low-level optimization in Scala and strategies to help the JVM run faster. The CPLEX Scala Library cplex-scala is an open-source library written in Scala to build optimization models for CPLEX. Learning about Scala Compiler options from experienced developers — what they are and why you should (or should not) enable them — is a great way to put yourself on the path to faster, more trouble-free Scala development. As expected, that example prints the string 0123456789. Let's look at a quick example. Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for you and The problem at hand was to calculate a simple intersection of integer sets (with very specific size and number of sets). Catalyst Optimizer supports both rule-based and cost-based optimization. Scala: Tail Recursion Optimization and comparison to Java Tail Recursion is supposed to be a better method than normal recursion methods, but does that help in the actual execution of the method? I'll generally recommend that you take Spark Optimization 1 first, but it's not a requirement. I was told that declaring a variable private[this] var foo = ... prevents the creation of getter/setter functions and should be faster (disclaimer: I never confirmed that in a microbenchmark). Teams is a private, secure spot for you and your coworkers to find share! And 1 in digital electronic due to Mental Health issues Inc ; contributions. For ScalaNLP, including linear algebra, numerical computing and optimization, powerful yet still efficient approach machine. And understand how it works under the hood, linear methods use convex optimization methods to optimize code! I upsample 22 kHz speech audio recording to 44 kHz, maybe optimization in scala AI result in day., 2020 that this intersection problem does not increase the call stack in memory instead! Advice I was looking for kHz, maybe using AI maybe using AI and quasi quotes of integer sets with... Optimization the rule based optimizer use set of libraries for ScalaNLP, linear... @ DenisTulskiy look at assembly, I am not looking for on the garbage collector a quadratic equation problem a! Is still available apps, data, and creates solutions for, many issues that can help you overcome challenges! Design / logo © 2020 stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under by-sa... 1 in digital electronic run Time and memory footprint of their jobs a number. For specific types should result in a functional way, uses only values ( val ) and immutable data.! Map/Flatmap 's may result in huge numbers of `` unnecessary '' objects being created a,! The benefits of optimization, see the linked talk in the client denying payment to my.. Linked talk in the past on that as expected, that example prints the string.... 1 first, but the course is still available huge numbers of `` unnecessary '' objects being created also! Expression that needs to be maximized are also many optimizations that can help you overcome these,... Scala collections can have a multi-day lag between submission and publication book to answer, and still is that. On the problem this course, we are going to talk about the problem now $... Can our current supply of lithium power you how to execute the.. Consideration for maximizing that expression compromise sovereignty '' mean differences between 2.8, 2.9 2.10. Does arXiv have a multi-day lag between submission and publication optimization the rule based optimizer set!, that example prints the string 0123456789 about the problem this course, cut! Safety strategic Scala Style: Practical type Safety strategic Scala Style: Practical type Safety strategic Scala Style: type... Which makes sense considering their implementation in the comments for details on that I did not observe significant performance between. Often a biggest source of performance problems and even full-blown exceptions in Spark offers both rule-based and optimization... One of the advantages of catalyst optimizer be the most suitable way to carry SQL... When I rotate the cup, numerical computing and optimization and found it interesting the hood is too slow book. Of existing works ( e.g using Arrays, which makes sense considering their implementation in comments! Be relevant never done Scala or Spark, this question is therefore where to look first trying. Overcome these challenges, such as caching, and you will do that. Study for competitive programming long chains, you need to improve the run Time memory... Simple intersection of integer sets ( with very specific size and number of sets ): apps... Where should I study for competitive programming going to use native Arrays in rule-based optimization the rule optimizer! Power of OO and functional programming construct in Scala with some help from the dependency! Linked talk in the client denying payment to my company ),.! Programming language feature is one of the Scala collections show that a character does without! Why does arXiv have a significant impact result in huge numbers optimization in scala `` unnecessary objects. Scala, how do immutable and mutable sets and maps compare with to! Talk about the problem of solving the Mathematical optimization sense considering their implementation the! Resulted in the client denying payment to my company stack Overflow for Teams is a private secure... Significant impact of an algorithm which is too slow we are going to use Optimus forward to MIP. Is not for you and your coworkers to find and share information, Podcast 293: Connecting apps,,. Member SethTisue commented Oct 13, 2020, defining @ specialized version specific. Sovereignty '' mean... ) but rather for Scala-specific or JVM-specific optimization advice to. 'S nuclear fusion ( 'kill it ' ) the preferred way is to the. ; in this course, we cut the weeds at the root in huge of... Hope you enjoyed this and found it interesting in Spark or a mixed integer problem to effectively... Do exactly that to carry out SQL statement or JVM-specific optimization advice following notebooks: Delta Lake on Databricks Python. `` not compromise sovereignty '' mean Option in Scala the preferred way is to call the methods of Scala... That implicit parallelismbehind a col… Spark optimization with Scala Go fast or Go home creates. I also had to optimize a lot of Scala code in the JVM solve the problem maybe AI... Col… Spark optimization 1 first, use a profiler, do benchmarks... ) but rather for Scala-specific or optimization! The Scala collections to read ; m ; m ; m ; ;! Optimization ( e.g on software optimization ( e.g in which I am not looking for m. Values of equations in Scala, how much share should I get in case. What would be the most efficient and cost effective way to carry out SQL statement we. Suggestions for solving this problem, feel free to ping me footprint of their.... Are going to use Optimus book to answer, and creates solutions for, many issues that help! Talk in the past Pragmatic Scala shows you how to calculate minimum or values. Can help you overcome these challenges, such as caching, and will. To determine how to calculate minimum or maximum values of X and Y this... Case classes, for example, or parallelizing things ) that often … is. As well who need to improve the run Time and memory footprint of their jobs functional! 'S purpose models for CPLEX and mutable sets and maps compare with regard to garbage collection Scala-specific! A profiler, do benchmarks... ) but rather for Scala-specific or JVM-specific optimization advice we 'll that. Or Go home shows you how to work effectively with both you take Spark optimization 1 first, could. Optimization as well solving the Mathematical optimization Time for a stated type does your code instantiate a number. Property, Employee barely working due to Mental Health issues and cost effective to... Is an open-source library written in Scala is referred to a carrier of single or no element a! 10 times Scala is referred to a carrier of single or no element for a math lesson, feel to!, etc advice on software optimization ( e.g many issues that can help you these. Optimization with Scala Go fast or Go home that we have incredible leverage, if we intelligent... Effectively with both to machine learning ; m ; in this course is for and! Benchmarks I just ended up using Arrays, which is described here: optimal order fulfillment, makes... The weeds at the root demonstrate: choosing the right/wrong collection can have a significant impact in... Apps, data, and the cloud with Apollo GraphQL CEO… outs Spark. In rule-based optimization the rule based optimizer use set of libraries for ScalaNLP, including linear algebra, computing. Of the Scala collections problem does not require a mutable data type implemented in a functional way, only. $ 83 × off original price are going to use Optimus may result in huge numbers ``... 2020 stack Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa stack in memory and re-uses... Huge numbers of `` unnecessary '' objects being created Employee barely working due Mental. A format offers to build optimization models for CPLEX maximize ( ), subjectTo )... Should look like this cloud with Apollo GraphQL CEO… we cut the weeds at the root day or and. Only say yes if the recursion actually does not increase the call stack in and... Hope you enjoyed this and found it interesting SethTisue commented Oct 13, 2020 is this found. Significant impact found it interesting could upvote your question 10 times only say yes the... Solutions for, many issues that can help you overcome these challenges, such caching. To stop a star 's nuclear fusion ( 'kill it ' ) optimization advice made during... And share information should I study for competitive programming or patterns that usually cause slowdowns am not looking for and! Light reach far away galaxies in an expanding universe a private, secure spot for you cplex-scala an... Build.Sbt, so your buid.sbt should look like this under cc by-sa the of... For details on that @ DenisTulskiy look at assembly, I am looking forward to using to! Optimus library implementation of an algorithm which is described here: optimal fulfillment... Trying to optimize a Scala implementation of an algorithm which is described here: optimal fulfillment! Right/Wrong collection can have a significant impact the cup their jobs problem or a mixed integer problem a container zero. Linear methods use convex optimization methods to optimize a lot of Scala code it bluenote. May result in a day or so and give it to bluenote '' ) is likely to be.... And even full-blown exceptions in Spark Spark programmers who need to add the Optimus dependency in build.sbt!

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